Urban expansion has significantly
altered land surface characteristics, leading to increased Land Surface
Temperature (LST) and the intensification of urban heat-related challenges in
rapidly growing cities. This study investigates the spatial and temporal
dynamics of LST and its relationship with urban planning indicators in Jimeta,
Adamawa State, Nigeria, over a ten-year period (2015–2025). Landsat 7 ETM+ and
Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery were utilized to derive LST using
established thermal infrared remote sensing techniques. The study area was
classified into low, medium, and high-density residential zones based on
land-use characteristics, while Pearson correlation analysis and One-Way
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to examine relationships and
temporal variations.
The results reveal significant
spatial variation in LST, with higher temperatures recorded in high-density
residential areas and lower values in low-density zones. Correlation analysis
indicates a strong positive relationship between built-up areas and LST, while
vegetation cover exhibits a consistent negative correlation, confirming its
cooling effect. Bare land and water bodies show variable relationships
depending on spatial context. The ANOVA results (F(2,6) = 2.61, p = 0.153)
indicate that temporal variations in LST are not statistically significant at
the 0.05 level, suggesting that spatial factors exert a stronger influence than
temporal changes.
The study concludes that urban land-use composition plays a critical role in regulating surface temperatures, and it recommends the integration of green infrastructure and sustainable urban planning strategies to mitigate urban heat effects.
