Assessment of the Ultrasound Hepatic and Renal Pathological Imaging Findings: A Single Centre Retrospective Study

Background: The use of invasive guide techniques of sonography helps in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver pathologies, thus contributes to treatment and management. The study assessed the prevalence, patterns, and types of hepatic and renal pathologies in patients underwent ultrasound scans at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective study design was adopted for this study to analyzed 300 abdominal ultrasound reports conducted between April 2023 and April 2025. Data on patients’ demographics, clinical histories, and sonographic findings were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools.

Results: The most frequent renal conditions were nephrolithiasis 74 (36.6%), hydronephrosis 40(19.2%), and renal cysts 45(22.3%). Other renal findings nephritis, renal atrophy are the least frequent, which are 1(0.5%) each respectively. There are no statistically significant associations between demographic variables such as age(p=0.483, χ2= 6.49)  and gender (p=0.884,χ2 =0.021) with the presence/absence of renal diseases. There was no statistically significant association between the occurrences of hepatic and renal conditions in the study population at (χ2= 0.421, 0.516).

Conclusion: We concluded that renal disorders were more frequently detected than hepatic conditions and that most cases occurred independently. It emphasized the diagnostic importance of ultrasound for early detection and monitoring of hepato-renal diseases. Recommendations included periodic ultrasound screening for high-risk groups, strengthened hypertension management, lifestyle modification programs, and integrated hepato-renal evaluation protocols to improve early diagnosis and patient outcomes.