Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Tissue Recovery Following Hematoma in Dogs

Hematomas are a frequent clinical presentation in small animal practice, often secondary to trauma or infection, yet breed-specific reports in large, muscular dogs such as the Boerboel remain limited. This case report details the clinical management of a head hematoma in a 1-year-old female Boerboel, integrating diagnostic, surgical, and biochemical evaluation to illustrate a multidisciplinary approach to successful resolution. The patient presented with a turgid, non-painful swelling over the sagittal crest, with normal physiological parameters except mild tachypnoea. Differential diagnoses included abscess, cyst, or neoplasm, but physical findings and aspirate characteristics supported a diagnosis of hematoma. Pre-treatment involved praziquantel, penicillin-streptomycin, and piroxicam pending diagnostic confirmation. Laboratory evaluation revealed normal hematologic indices except mild lymphocytosis suggestive of inflammation, while microbiological culture identified Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp., both sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Surgical drainage and debridement under aseptic conditions were performed, followed by postoperative ciprofloxacin and topical gentamicin. Serial biochemical assays demonstrated increased Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase activities, coupled with reduced Malondialdehyde levels, reflecting effective oxidative stress modulation and tissue recovery. The patient exhibited complete resolution within eight days with no recurrence during follow-up.

This report underscores the importance of a structured, evidence-based approach to hematoma management in large dog breeds, combining microbiological and oxidative stress assessments to guide therapeutic decisions. It highlights how prompt diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial selection, and rigorous postoperative care can optimize outcomes, prevent recurrence, and support client education in hematoma management among active canine breeds such as the Boerboel.