Re-Reading רָדָה and כָּבַשׁ in Genesis 1:26-28 from Ecological Perspective

Two words, רָדָה “to rule” and כָּבַשׁ “to subdue” have been found as culprits in discussing the relationship between Christianity and environmental abuse. These words have always been alleged as supporting environmental exploitation through their emphasis on human dominance from רָדָה, and subjugation from כָּבַשׁ. While dominion and subjugation cannot be removed from their lexical ranges, to what extent can they be held responsible for human maltreatment of the environment? Are there other possible meanings of these words deducible in the context of Genesis 1:28 apart from how they have been read? Through lexical analysis, רָדָה and כָּבַשׁ are re-read in that context in the light of their relationship with other words in the verse, with emphasis on the royal connotation of רָדָה, the throne imagery of כָּבַשׁ, and their ecological connotations. The analysis revealed that the ability to rule and subdue is part of a divine blessing, which should not be violated. Moreover, all creatures share in divine blessings and should be cared for. Human dominance is also a blessing with responsibility, which will demand accountability. The creation is part of the human royal throne that adds value to human existence and well-being. Therefore, “to rule” and “to subdue” in Genesis 1; 1-26-26 should not be held responsible for environmental abuse. In actual sense, they promote responsible stewardship and a sustainable environment. “To subdue” in this context is not destructive but a constructive delegation of oversight function.