Policy Implementation Gap and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Performance in Nigeria

The Nigerian entrepreneurial ecosystem exhibits a striking paradox. Despite a vibrant entrepreneurial culture, over 80% of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) fail within their first five years of operation. This paper examines the central thesis that this poor ecosystem performance is largely attributable to a persistent and pervasive policy implementation gap¡ªthe disconnect between well-intentioned government policies and their tangible outcomes on the ground. By reviewing recent academic literature, policy documents, and sector reports, the analysis identifies key manifestations of this gap, including fragmented policy adoption across states, credit design mismatches, and systemic underfunding. The paper argues that addressing this implementation deficit requires targeted institutional reforms, performance-based monitoring frameworks, and a strategic shift from policy formulation to effective execution.