This study examines the role of colonial trade networks in shaping the evolution of Nigeria’s international economic relations from the colonial era to the post-independence period. It argues that colonial trade structures were deliberately designed to integrate Nigeria into the global capitalist economy as a supplier of raw materials and a consumer of manufactured goods. These patterns significantly influenced the country’s trade orientation, export composition, and diplomatic economic engagements after independence. The study adopts a historical and qualitative approach, relying on archival records, government publications, scholarly books, and peer-reviewed journal articles to analyse the continuity and transformation of Nigeria’s external economic relations. It further explores the effects of colonial infrastructure, trade policies, and commercial institutions on Nigeria’s participation in regional and global markets. Findings indicate that while political independence created opportunities for economic diversification and broader international partnerships, colonial trade legacies continue to shape trade dependence, foreign investment patterns, and economic policy choices. The study concludes that understanding these historical foundations is essential for formulating strategies that promote sustainable development, equitable trade, and stronger economic sovereignty. It recommends policies that encourage export diversification, regional economic integration, industrial development, and strategic international partnerships capable of reducing structural dependence inherited from the colonial period while enhancing Nigeria’s competitiveness in the global economy.
Keywords: Colonial trade networks, Nigeria, international economic relations, colonial economy, export diversification, foreign trade, and economic development.
