Effect of Insecurity on Economic Development in Makurdi and Guma LG Areas of Benue State

Insecurity has become a critical threat to economic development in Nigeria, particularly in Makurdi and Guma Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Benue State. This study examines the effects of insecurity on agriculture, trade, and overall economic activities in the region. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, the study collected data from 300 respondents, comprising farmers, traders, and community stakeholders. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, incorporating purposive selection of the affected LGAs and simple random sampling of respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and qualitative content analysis, with results presented through tables, frequencies, and percentages. The findings indicate that insecurity significantly disrupts farming activities, causing land abandonment, reduced crop production, and increased operational costs. Trade is equally affected, as frequent market closures, looting, and fear of violence hinder commercial activities. However, regression analysis suggests that while insecurity influences agriculture and trade, it does not have a statistically significant effect, implying that other economic factors also play a role. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends strengthened security measures, youth empowerment programs, conflict resolution mechanisms, rehabilitation of infrastructure, support for internally displaced persons (IDPs), and policy interventions to stabilize agriculture and trade. Addressing insecurity requires a holistic approach integrating security efforts with socio-economic development strategies to restore stability and foster economic resilience in the region.