The Impact of Covid-19 on Global Health: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected global health systems, revealing critical vulnerabilities while accelerating innovations in healthcare delivery, surveillance, and international cooperation. This review synthesizes the multifaceted impacts of COVID-19 on public health infrastructure, disease management, and health equity. It highlights lessons learned regarding pandemic preparedness, vaccine development and distribution, health communication, and the socioeconomic determinants of health. Emphasis is placed on strategies to strengthen resilience against future health crises, including bolstering health system capacity, addressing disparities, and fostering global collaboration. Understanding these lessons is essential to shaping future public health policies and ensuring more effective responses to emerging threats.